Exploring the Historic Towns of the Valencian Community

The Valencian Community, located on Spain's southeastern coast, is renowned for its picturesque landscapes, vibrant culture, and rich history. While many visitors flock to the bustling city of Valencia, the region is also home to a host of charming historic towns, each with its own unique character, traditions, and architectural wonders. Exploring these towns offers a journey through time, where ancient walls, Gothic cathedrals, medieval castles, and cobbled streets tell the stories of civilizations that have shaped the region for centuries. This article delves into the most iconic historic towns in the Valencian Community, showcasing their history, key landmarks, and the cultural treasures that await travelers.

1. Morella: A Medieval Fortress Town

Perched on a rocky hilltop, Morella is one of the most striking and well-preserved medieval towns in the Valencian Community. Its location, surrounded by defensive walls and crowned by a grand castle, reflects its strategic importance throughout history.

History and Architecture

Morella’s origins date back to prehistoric times, with evidence of settlement from the Bronze Age. However, it flourished under Roman, Visigoth, and Moorish rule, with each culture leaving its imprint on the town’s architecture and layout. The town’s imposing castle, built between the 13th and 14th centuries, was a crucial stronghold during the Reconquista and several wars in Spain’s history.

Must-Visit Landmarks

• Morella Castle: The highlight of the town, this fortress offers stunning views of the surrounding countryside and provides a glimpse into the town’s military past.
• Basilica of Santa María la Mayor: A stunning Gothic church known for its intricate façade, rose window, and remarkable organ.
• City Walls: Built in the 14th century, these walls stretch over two kilometers and are punctuated by towers and gates, preserving the medieval ambiance of the town.

2. Peñíscola: The City of the Sea

Peñíscola, often referred to as the "Gibraltar of Valencia," is an enchanting coastal town with a rich history that is tied to both its maritime location and its role in ecclesiastical power struggles. Its old town, located on a rocky promontory jutting into the Mediterranean Sea, offers a unique blend of natural beauty and historical intrigue.

History and Architecture

Peñíscola’s strategic position made it a coveted location for various powers, from the Iberians to the Romans and the Moors. However, it is most famous for its association with Pope Benedict XIII, also known as "Papa Luna." During the Western Schism, Benedict XIII made Peñíscola his papal seat, and the town’s castle became his residence.

Must-Visit Landmarks

• Castillo de Peñíscola: Built by the Knights Templar in the 13th century, this castle stands on the site of a former Moorish fortress and offers panoramic views of the Mediterranean.
• The Old Town: A labyrinth of narrow streets and whitewashed houses, the old town is perfect for exploring on foot and offers plenty of quaint shops and restaurants.
• The Lighthouse: Situated on the highest point of the town, the lighthouse is a great spot for taking in breathtaking sea views.

3. Xàtiva: The Town of Two Faces

Xàtiva, located inland from the coast, is a town with a dual identity: its medieval history and its Renaissance legacy. Once the second most important city in the Kingdom of Valencia, Xàtiva is known for its dramatic history and the birth of one of Europe’s most notorious families, the Borgias.

History and Architecture

Xàtiva's strategic importance dates back to Roman times, and its prominence continued under the Moors, who introduced innovations such as silk production to the region. However, the town’s most significant historical chapter came during the Renaissance, when it became the birthplace of Pope Alexander VI, the head of the infamous Borgia family.

Must-Visit Landmarks

• Castell de Xàtiva: This twin castle, perched on a ridge above the town, is one of the most impressive fortresses in the Valencian Community. It has witnessed numerous battles and offers stunning views of the town and countryside.
• Collegiate Basilica of Santa Maria: A beautiful Renaissance church, this basilica reflects Xàtiva’s importance during the 16th century.
• Almudín Museum: This museum, housed in a former grain exchange, offers fascinating insights into Xàtiva’s history, including its role in the War of Spanish Succession.

4. Altea: The White Town on the Hill

Altea, located along the Costa Blanca, is known for its whitewashed houses, blue-domed church, and artistic ambiance. While it’s a popular tourist destination today, it retains a sense of old-world charm and history that makes it one of the most picturesque towns in the Valencian Community.

History and Architecture

The town of Altea has a history that stretches back to the Iberians and Romans, but it gained prominence under Moorish rule, when it became an important trading post. Today, the town’s architectural beauty is largely derived from its medieval and Moorish past, with its winding streets and white houses evoking a sense of tranquility.

Must-Visit Landmarks

• Iglesia de Nuestra Señora del Consuelo: This iconic church, with its blue-tiled dome, is the symbol of Altea and offers spectacular views of the sea and mountains.
• The Old Town: Altea’s old town is a maze of cobbled streets lined with whitewashed houses, galleries, and boutique shops. It’s a perfect place to enjoy a leisurely stroll.
• The Seafront Promenade: A relaxing walk along Altea’s seafront offers stunning views of the Mediterranean and the town’s harbor.

5. Villena: A Town of Castles and Legends

Villena, located in the interior of the Valencian Community, is a town steeped in history and legend. It is famous for its castle, its association with the Marquis of Villena, and the discovery of the "Treasure of Villena," one of the most important archaeological finds in Spain.

History and Architecture

Villena’s history dates back to prehistoric times, but its golden age came during the Middle Ages, when it became a key stronghold in the wars between Christians and Moors. The town’s castle, known as Castillo de la Atalaya, played a crucial role in these conflicts and remains one of the best-preserved fortresses in the region.

Must-Visit Landmarks

• Castillo de la Atalaya: This 12th-century castle is Villena’s most famous landmark. Its imposing walls and towers dominate the landscape, and the interior is well-preserved, offering insights into medieval life.
• The Archaeological Museum: This museum houses the "Treasure of Villena," a collection of 10th-century gold artifacts discovered in the town.
• The Church of Santiago: A beautiful Gothic church with a Renaissance façade, the Church of Santiago reflects Villena’s historical significance.

Conclusion

The historic towns of the Valencian Community offer a captivating glimpse into Spain’s rich and diverse past. From medieval castles and Gothic cathedrals to Moorish fortresses and Renaissance architecture, these towns are living museums that transport visitors back in time. Whether you’re interested in history, architecture, or simply soaking in the atmosphere of these enchanting locations, a journey through the historic towns of the Valencian Community is a must for any traveler seeking to discover the heart and soul of this remarkable region.